An Iranian network of terrorist cells is spread out around the world, ready for activation at any time. And threats by the Islamic Republic to escalate its standoff with the United States mean that the chances of this happening are rising.

Crippling American sanctions are causing unprecedented damage to the Iranian economy. In response, the radical Shiite regime has already provided the world with a sample of its ability to order attacks that destabilize the Middle East.

Iranian-backed Houthis in Yemen recently launched explosive drones and cruise missiles targeting Saudi Arabian oil installations and airports. An Iranian-backed Shiite militia in Iraq, Katai’b Hezbollah, is suspected of firing rockets at US interests, and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) has launched mine attacks on civilian oil tankers in the Strait of Hormuz and the Gulf of Oman.

These incidents represent a small sampling of Iran’s capabilities. The Iranians have built up a wide-reaching network of radical surrogates that extends beyond the Middle East. Members of this network range from hierarchical terror armies like Hezbollah, armed with massive arsenals of projectiles, to sleeper terrorist cells active in Europe, North America, and Latin America.

Israel, a front-line state that defends itself against Iran and its proxy network, has taken a lead role in identifying, monitoring, and preventing attacks, as well as alerting Western intelligence agencies to threats.

Mossad Director Yossi Cohen provided a glimpse into this shadow war in remarks delivered Monday at the Herzliya Conference. The IRGC and the Iranian Ministry of Intelligence are responsible for overseas terror operations, he said.

While the Iranian Ministry of Intelligence is responsible for setting up murder squads targeting Iranian opposition figures abroad, the IRGC, together with Hezbollah, seeks to hit Israeli targets, as well as soft Jewish targets.

This would explain the discovery and recent announcement of a Hezbollah bomb factory in London. It appears highly likely that the bombs were intended for Hezbollah cells intent on attacking Israeli targets in Britain.

In addition, Iran’s Ministry of Intelligence activated a European terror network in June of last year, sending it on a bombing mission against an Iranian opposition event that featured former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani. The cell reportedly had half a ton of explosives. In recent years, Iranian opposition figures were murdered in Turkey and Holland, while another assassination plot in Denmark and Sweden was thwarted.

“An Iranian diplomat in Vienna headed” the France bomb plot, Cohen said. “He is now under arrest, and other [members of the cell] are under arrest in Belgium.”

Cohen also said that Iran’s overseas operations unit, the Quds Force, recruited 300 fighters in Iraq and Syria, and brought them to Africa to create a terror network capable of striking Western targets across the African continent.

Iranian agents gathered “intelligence on the Iranian opposition, and on Israeli targets in Azerbaijan, the US, Denmark — and this is only the tip of the iceberg,” Cohen cautioned. “The Mossad and the Israeli intelligence community are deeply involved in the effort to thwart these threats before the death of innocents occurs. We are working shoulder to shoulder with other countries to prevent more deaths.”

Part of Iran’s plans, he said, involved preparing attacks on American overseas assets.

Iran could also order its network to attack European and Israeli targets at any time, Cohen warned, noting that Tehran accuses Israel of being behind the Trump administration’s economic pressure campaign. “One of the easiest ways to [strike] is through attacks on Israeli targets in Europe and around the world,” Cohen said.

Iran has done this before. In 2012, for example, it ordered a wave of attacks on Israeli targets in Bulgaria, Cyprus, India, and Kenya, in retaliation for a sabotage campaign of its nuclear program that it attributed to Israel. This included a suicide bombing attack on a bus of Israeli tourists in Burgas, which murdered six people.

Past incidents have seen Hezbollah operatives scope out Israeli targets in countries as far away as Peru.

More recently, German domestic security forces noted that Hezbollah kept a permanent presence of more than 1,000 operatives on German soil.

These networks have also penetrated North America, according to a series of recent reports.

Canadian media revealed last month that a Hezbollah operative collected detailed information on Toronto’s Pearson Airport in 2017. Canada’s Air Transport Security Authority had reproduced an article about a Hezbollah sleeper cell agent named Ali Kourani, who was a member of Hezbollah’s Unit 910, an overseas attack unit.

Based in the US, Kourani reportedly visited Pearson seven times before being arrested. He also “scouted New York’s JFK airport and US government facilities. He passed the results of his surveillance activities to his Hezbollah handler in Lebanon on digital storage devices,” the report said, as part of attack-planning surveillance operations.

In May, an American court convicted Kourani on eight counts related to his work as a Hezbollah “deep-cover operative. He is scheduled for sentencing on September 27,” Canada’s Global News reported.

“Kourani’s chilling mission was to help procure weapons and gather intelligence about potential targets in the US for Hezbollah terrorist attacks,” a US Department of Justice press release said.

Kourani reportedly married a Lebanese-Canadian woman to evade detection. He also befriended a Canadian airport employee, and talked him into agreeing to carry a bag on board an aircraft.

Unit 910 was even more active in Canada than in the United States, Kourani told the FBI. He said that it would likely try to smuggle explosives into the US from Canada.

Meanwhile, in the Middle East, the Mossad director revealed that Iran has transferred $100 million to Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) in the Gaza Strip.

Intelligence agencies around the world will need to be on high alert for Iran’s active and lethal international terrorism network.

Yaakov Lappin is a military and strategic affairs correspondent. He also conducts research and analysis for defense think tanks, and is the Israel correspondent for IHS Jane’s Defense Weekly. His book The Virtual Caliphate explores the online jihadist presence.

A version of this article was originally commissioned by The Investigative Project on Terrorism.

The opinions presented by Algemeiner bloggers are solely theirs and do not represent those of The Algemeiner, its publishers or editors. If you would like to share your views with a blog post on The Algemeiner, please be in touch through our Contact page.