Egyptian soldiers stand guard near the Rafah Crossing at the Egypt-Gaza border, in Rafah, Egypt, July 4, 2024. Photo: REUTERS/Amr Alfiky

Israeli Ambassador to the United States Yechiel Leiter has accused Egypt of a “very serious violation” of its peace treaty with Israel, raising concerns over Cairo’s military buildup and armed presence in the Sinai Peninsula.

“There are bases being built, and they can only be used for offensive operations and offensive weapons. This is a clear violation [of the peace agreement],” Leiter said during a meeting with the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations late last month.

“For a long time, this issue has been shoved to the side, but it continues. This is an issue that we are going to put on the table — very soon and very emphatically,” he continued.

While details about Egypt’s military buildup remain unclear, “satellite images have shown the movement of tanks and battalions that exceed the limits set by the Camp David Accords,” Mariam Wahba, research analyst at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD), told The Algemeiner.

Under the peace treaty, Cairo can request permission from Jerusalem to deploy more than the 47 battalions allowed. One estimate, however, suggests that there are currently camps for 180 battalions.

“The Camp David Accords have long been a pillar of peace and stability in the Middle East,” Wahba explained. “A breakdown of the agreement would have serious implications, not just for Israel and Egypt but for the broader region. It could embolden actors like Iran and its proxies to exploit tensions and could lead to increased militarization along Israel’s southern border.”

Leiter’s comments, which were posted in a video last Friday before being removed from online platforms, represent the first time an Israeli official publicly accused Egypt of violating the peace agreement by increasing its military presence in the Sinai Peninsula.

Wahba explained that this latest buildup could be a response to the war in Gaza, the fall of the Assad regime in Syria, and other domestic factors that have tested Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi’s hold on power. However, the key question is whether this movement was coordinated with Jerusalem.

“If the buildup was done unilaterally, it could strain relations with Israel and the United States,” Wahba told The Algemeiner. “If it was coordinated, the situation may be less of a concern, though it still raises questions about Egypt’s long-term military intentions in Sinai.”

Leiter’s remarks came days before Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu visited Washington to meet with US President Donald Trump. During their meeting, Trump proposed his plan to “take over” Gaza to rebuild the war-torn enclave while relocating its Palestinian residents elsewhere during reconstruction efforts. He called on Egypt, Jordan, and other Arab states to take in Palestinians from Gaza after nearly 16 months of war between Israel and Hamas.

Like many other Middle Eastern countries, Egypt rejected Trump’s plan and informed the US of the impossibility of evacuating the people of Gaza. According to the Saudi outlet Al-Hadath, Egypt also confirmed that it has its own vision for rebuilding Gaza without displacing the Palestinians.

On March 5, Egypt will host an emergency Arab summit to discuss what it described as “dangerous” developments for Palestinians, according to a statement from the Egyptian foreign ministry. The statement also said the summit was being called in response to a Palestinian request.

Despite reports of growing tensions, Israeli defense sources have reportedly affirmed that security coordination between Cairo and Jerusalem remains tight, noting that such coordination has been in the interest of both countries for decades to protect their own national security and promote regional stability.

However, the growing Egyptian military presence in the Sinai Peninsula and ongoing infrastructure work has some observers in Israel alarmed. These concerns come amid growing tensions between Jerusalem and Cairo since the outbreak of the war in Gaza, particularly over the Philadelphi Corridor along the Gaza-Egypt border, where Egypt has demanded Israel withdraw its forces.

Egypt’s military buildup, reportedly in part in protest of Israel’s presence at the Philadelphi Corridor and to prevent a mass Palestinian exodus into the country, along with Jerusalem’s control of the corridor, could both violate the 1979 peace treaty.

Last month, Israeli Ambassador to the UN Danny Danon, also raised concerns about Egypt’s military buildup, questioning the need for so many submarines and tanks.

“They spend hundreds of millions of dollars on modern military equipment every year, yet they have no threats on their borders,” he said. “After Oct. 7, this should raise alarm bells.”

“We have learned our lesson,” Danon added, apparently referring to Hamas’s Oct. 7, 2023, surprise invasion of southern Israel from neighboring Gaza. “We must monitor Egypt closely and prepare for every scenario.”

On Feb. 4, the Beirut-based, Hezbollah-aligned Al Akhbar newspaper said Egyptian sources revealed that Cairo “conveyed an explicit warning to Israel in the military coordination meetings that the continued stay of IDF forces in the Philadelphi Corridor [on Gaza’s border with Egypt] would be considered a violation of the Camp David [Peace] Agreement between Israel and Egypt, and that Egypt would not be obligated to the agreement in the ongoing coordination regarding the situation of its forces on the border.”

This is not the first time Egypt may have violated the 1979 peace treaty with Israel. In 2012, it deployed fighter jets and tanks into Sinai for the first time since the 1973 Yom Kippur War, breaching the Camp David Accords. However, Egypt rejected claims of violating the agreement at the time, asserting its commitment to the peace treaty.