US House Speaker Mike Johnson speaks to members of the media at the Capitol building, April 20, 2024. Photo: REUTERS/Ken Cedeno

The US House of Representatives on Wednesday passed the annual defense policy bill, authorizing nearly $900 billion in military spending including a slate of provisions aimed at bolstering Israel’s security.

Passing by a vote of 231 to 196, largely along party lines, the bill underscores Washington’s continued military and political support for the Jewish state as it wages war against Iran’s network of terrorist proxies in the Middle East, primarily targeting Hamas in Gaza.

The National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for fiscal year 2025 includes more than $650 million in direct US-Israel defense cooperation programs and several new policy directives. The measures were praised by the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), which has been lobbying for expanded security commitments.

The package includes $500 million for missile defense cooperation, including funding for the Iron Dome, David’s Sling, and Arrow systems, along with bilateral research, development, testing, and evaluation. Another $35 million is directed toward joint emerging technologies, ranging from artificial intelligence and quantum to directed energy and cybersecurity. The bill also earmarks $50 million for anti-tunneling programs and $70 million for counter-drone efforts.

Beyond funding, lawmakers moved to extend the War Reserve Stockpile Authority for Israel until 2029, ensuring Israel continued access to US military equipment pre-positioned in the region. The NDAA also requires the Pentagon to provide briefings to Congress on the status of aircraft and air-launched munitions approved for delivery to Israel.

Several provisions target international institutions seen as hostile to US and allied forces such as Israel. The bill directs the Pentagon and State Department to work with NATO and major non-NATO allies to block enforcement of International Criminal Court (ICC) warrants against American or allied military personnel. It also prohibits US Defense Department participation in international defense exhibitions that exclude Israeli firms, an increasingly common occurrence in Europe.

In November 2024, the ICC issued arrest warrants for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, his former defense minister, Yoav Gallant, and now-deceased Hamas terror leader Ibrahim al-Masri (better known as Mohammed Deif) for alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity in the Gaza conflict. The ICC said there were reasonable grounds to believe Netanyahu and Gallant were criminally responsible for starvation in Gaza and the persecution of Palestinians — charges vehemently denied by Israel, which has provided significant humanitarian aid into the war-torn enclave throughout the war.

Lawmakers also mandated new assessments on regional security threats. The NDAA requires studies on preventing Hamas and other groups from using tunnels or maritime routes to smuggle weapons, along with reports on the status of integrated air and missile defense across US Central Command’s area of responsibility. 

To deepen industrial cooperation, the bill establishes a US-Israel defense innovation field office in Israel and starts a new Defense Industrial Base Working Group to explore opportunities for greater integration between the two countries’ defense sectors. The Pentagon is also directed to continually assess the impact of foreign arms embargoes and sanctions on Israel’s military readiness.

The Senate still needs to finalize its version of the defense bill and reach a consensus with the House, before the legislation can head to US President Donald Trump’s desk to be signed into law.